This chapter provides basic instructions for installing Bash on the various supported platforms. The distribution supports nearly every version of Unix (and, someday, GNU). Other independent ports exist for MS-DOS, OS/2, Windows 95, and Windows NT.
These are installation instructions for Bash.
The configure shell script attempts to guess correct
values for various system-dependent variables used during
compilation. It uses those values to create a `Makefile' in
each directory of the package (the top directory, the
`builtins' and `doc' directories, and the
each directory under `lib'). It also creates a
`config.h' file containing system-dependent definitions.
Finally, it creates a shell script named config.status that you
can run in the future to recreate the current configuration, a
file `config.cache' that saves the results of its tests to
speed up reconfiguring, and a file `config.log' containing
compiler output (useful mainly for debugging configure).
If at some point
`config.cache' contains results you don't want to keep, you
may remove or edit it.
If you need to do unusual things to compile Bash, please
try to figure out how configure could check whether or not
to do them, and mail diffs or instructions to
bash-maintainers@gnu.org so they can be
considered for the next release.
The file `configure.in' is used to create configure
by a program called Autoconf. You only need
`configure.in' if you want to change it or regenerate
configure using a newer version of Autoconf. If
you do this, make sure you are using Autoconf version 2.10 or
newer.
If you need to change `configure.in' or regenerate
configure, you will need to create two files:
`_distribution' and `_patchlevel'. `_distribution'
should contain the major and minor version numbers of the Bash
distribution, for example `2.01'. `_patchlevel' should
contain the patch level of the Bash distribution, `0' for
example. The script `support/mkconffiles' has been provided
to automate the creation of these files.
The simplest way to compile Bash is:
cd to the directory containing the source code and type
`./configure' to configure Bash for your system. If you're
using csh on an old version of System V, you might need to
type `sh ./configure' instead to prevent csh from trying
to execute configure itself.
Running configure takes awhile. While running, it prints some
messages telling which features it is checking for.
bashbug bug
reporting script.
bash and bashbug.
This will also install the manual pages and Info file.
You can remove the program binaries and object files from the
source code directory by typing `make clean'. To also remove the
files that configure created (so you can compile Bash for
a different kind of computer), type `make distclean'.
Some systems require unusual options for compilation or linking
that the configure script does not know about. You can
give configure initial values for variables by setting
them in the environment. Using a Bourne-compatible shell, you
can do that on the command line like this:
CC=c89 CFLAGS=-O2 LIBS=-lposix ./configure
On systems that have the env program, you can do it like this:
env CPPFLAGS=-I/usr/local/include LDFLAGS=-s ./configure
The configuration process uses GCC to build Bash if it is available.
You can compile Bash for more than one kind of computer at the
same time, by placing the object files for each architecture in their
own directory. To do this, you must use a version of make that
supports the VPATH variable, such as GNU make.
cd to the
directory where you want the object files and executables to go and run
the configure script from the source directory. You may need to
supply the `--srcdir=PATH' argument to tell configure where the
source files are. configure automatically checks for the
source code in the directory that configure is in and in `..'.
If you have to use a make that does not supports the VPATH
variable, you can compile Bash for one architecture at a
time in the source code directory. After you have installed
Bash for one architecture, use `make distclean' before
reconfiguring for another architecture.
Alternatively, if your system supports symbolic links, you can use the `support/mkclone' script to create a build tree which has symbolic links back to each file in the source directory. Here's an example that creates a build directory in the current directory from a source directory `/usr/gnu/src/bash-2.0':
bash /usr/gnu/src/bash-2.0/support/mkclone -s /usr/gnu/src/bash-2.0 .
The mkclone script requires Bash, so you must have already built
Bash for at least one architecture before you can create build
directories for other architectures.
By default, `make install' will install into
`/usr/local/bin', `/usr/local/man', etc. You can
specify an installation prefix other than `/usr/local' by
giving configure the option `--prefix=PATH'.
You can specify separate installation prefixes for
architecture-specific files and architecture-independent files.
If you give configure the option
`--exec-prefix=PATH', `make install' will use `PATH' as the
prefix for installing programs and libraries. Documentation and
other data files will still use the regular prefix.
There may be some features configure can not figure out
automatically, but needs to determine by the type of host Bash
will run on. Usually configure can figure that
out, but if it prints a message saying it can not guess the host
type, give it the `--host=TYPE' option. `TYPE' can
either be a short name for the system type, such as `sun4',
or a canonical name with three fields: `CPU-COMPANY-SYSTEM'
(e.g., `sparc-sun-sunos4.1.2').
See the file `support/config.sub' for the possible values of each field.
If you want to set default values for configure scripts to
share, you can create a site shell script called
config.site that gives default values for variables like
CC, cache_file, and prefix. configure
looks for `PREFIX/share/config.site' if it exists, then
`PREFIX/etc/config.site' if it exists. Or, you can set the
CONFIG_SITE environment variable to the location of the site
script. A warning: the Bash configure looks for a site script,
but not all configure scripts do.
configure recognizes the following options to control how it
operates.
--cache-file=FILE
configure.
--help
configure, and exit.
--quiet
--silent
-q
--srcdir=DIR
configure can determine that directory automatically.
--version
configure
script, and exit.
configure also accepts some other, not widely used, boilerplate
options.
The Bash configure has a number of `--enable-FEATURE'
options, where FEATURE indicates an optional part of Bash.
There are also several `--with-PACKAGE' options,
where PACKAGE is something like `gnu-malloc' or `purify'.
To turn off the default use of a package, use
`--without-PACKAGE'. To configure Bash without a feature
that is enabled by default, use `--disable-FEATURE'.
Here is a complete list of the `--enable-' and
`--with-' options that the Bash configure recognizes.
--with-afs
--with-curses
--with-glibc-malloc
malloc in
`lib/malloc/gmalloc.c'. This is not the version of malloc
that appears in glibc version 2, but a modified version of the
malloc from glibc version 1. This is somewhat slower than the
default malloc, but wastes less space on a per-allocation
basis, and will return memory to the operating system under
some circumstances.
--with-gnu-malloc
malloc in `lib/malloc/malloc.c'. This is not the same
malloc that appears in GNU libc, but an older version
derived from the 4.2 BSD malloc. This malloc is
very fast, but wastes some space on each allocation.
This option is enabled by default.
The `NOTES' file contains a list of systems for
which this should be turned off, and configure disables this
option automatically for a number of systems.
--with-purify
--enable-minimal-config
There are several `--enable-' options that alter how Bash is compiled and linked, rather than changing run-time features.
--enable-profiling
gprof each time it is executed.
--enable-static-link
gcc is being used.
This could be used to build a version to use as root's shell.
The `minimal-config' option can be used to disable all of the following options, but it is processed first, so individual options may be enabled using `enable-FEATURE'.
All of the following options except for `disabled-builtins' and `usg-echo-default' are enabled by default, unless the operating system does not provide the necessary support.
--enable-alias
alias and unalias
builtins (see section Aliases).
--enable-array-variables
--enable-bang-history
csh-like history substitution
(see section History Expansion).
--enable-brace-expansion
csh-like brace expansion
( b{a,b}c ==> bac bbc ).
See section Brace Expansion, for a complete description.
--enable-command-timing
time as a reserved word and for
displaying timing statistics for the pipeline following time. This
allows pipelines as well as shell builtins and functions to be timed.
--enable-cond-command
[[ conditional command
(see section Conditional Constructs).
--enable-directory-stack
csh-like directory stack and the
pushd, popd, and dirs builtins
(see section The Directory Stack).
--enable-disabled-builtins
xxx has been disabled using `enable -n xxx'.
See section Bash Builtin Commands, for details of the builtin and
enable builtin commands.
--enable-dparen-arithmetic
((...)) command
(see section Conditional Constructs).
--enable-extended-glob
--enable-help-builtin
help builtin, which displays help on shell builtins and
variables.
--enable-history
fc and history
builtin commands.
--enable-job-control
--enable-process-substitution
--enable-prompt-string-decoding
$PS1, $PS2, $PS3, and $PS4 prompt
strings. See section Controlling the Prompt, for a complete list of prompt
string escape sequences.
--enable-readline
--enable-restricted
rbash, enters a restricted mode. See
section The Restricted Shell, for a description of restricted mode.
--enable-select
select builtin, which allows the generation of simple
menus (see section Conditional Constructs).
--enable-usg-echo-default
echo builtin expand backslash-escaped characters by default,
without requiring the `-e' option. This makes the Bash echo
behave more like the System V version.
The file `config.h.top' contains C Preprocessor
`#define' statements for options which are not settable from
configure.
Some of these are not meant to be changed; beware of the consequences if
you do.
Read the comments associated with each definition for more
information about its effect.
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